There
are two primary Kurdish scripts used today. The original Soranî-Badînî Script
is derived from the standards of the Arabic Script and contains extensions
for all the sounds in the Kurdish language. The Kurmancî-Latînî Script
follows the standards set by Celadet Elî Bedîrxanî,
who first introduced the script.
Notes:
- The letter "i" in the Kurmancî-Latînî Script
does not exist in the Soranî-Badînî Script.
This letter is omitted when spelling words using the Soranî-Badînî Script.
- The heavy L, written above
as Ll is
not official in the Kurmancî-Latînî Script.
The importance of distinguising between "L" and "Ll" varies
amongst dialects and the use of a separate letter was omitted
in the Kurmancî-Latînî Script. For purposes
of comparing the two scripts, we will use Ll.
- The rolled R, written above
as R' or r' is
not official in the Kurmancî-Latînî Script.
The writing of the rolled R may vary by the
sources used. However, some Kurdish linguists often underline, R,
or place an apostraphe after the letter, R', to
indicate that the R must
be rolled. [This is important for distinguising between words
such as Ker (Donkey) and Ker' (Deaf)].
The following shows each letter and provides example
Kurdish words containing that letter with their English translations.
The correct pronunciation is provided to the right of the letters:
| A
a |
Azad
- Free |
a as in tall
|
N
n |
Nav
- Name |
n as in new |
| B
b |
Baran
- Rain |
b as in base
|
O
o |
Omîd
- Hope |
o as in chore |
| C
c |
Ceger
- Liver |
j as in job
|
P
p |
Pez
- Sheep |
p as in pen |
| Ç ç |
Çaw
- Eye |
ch as in chalk
|
Q
q |
Qaz
- Goose |
(no English sound) |
| D
d |
Dar
- Tree |
d as in duck
|
R
r |
Rêkûpêk
- Organized |
r (Spanish r as in para) |
| E
e |
Evîn
- Love |
a as in act
|
R'
r' |
R'ast
- Right |
rolled r |
| Ê ê |
Êvar
- Evening |
e as in best
|
S
s |
Sêv
- Apple |
s as in sit |
| F
f |
Ferheng
- Culture |
f as in fact
|
 |
êr
- Lion |
sh as in shoe |
| G
g |
Genim
- Wheat |
g as in goal
|
T
t |
Taze
- New |
t as in tall |
| H
h |
Hîvî -
Hope |
h as in home
|
U
u |
Gund
- Village |
u as in turn |
| I
i |
Rind
- Beautiful |
i as in bird
|
Û û |
Dûr
- Far/Distant |
oo as in boot |
| Î î |
Îro
- Today |
ee as in green
|
V
v |
Vejîn
- Revived |
v as in very |
| J
j |
Jîyan
- Life |
si as in vision
|
W
w |
Welat
- Country |
w as in war |
| K
k |
Keç -
Girl |
k as in kart
|
X
x |
Xuda
- God |
kh (no English sound) |
| L
l |
Le ker
- Army |
l (Spanish l as
in La)
|
Y
y |
Yarmetî -
Help |
y as in young |
| Ll
ll |
Çetall -
Fork |
ll as in fall
|
Z
z |
Ziman
- Language |
z as in zebra |
| M
m |
Mam
- Uncle |
m as in map
|
|
Notes:
- The Kurdish letter "J" is
pronounced like the French j as in jeune.
In English, this sound is often written as "Zh".
- The Kurdish letter "Q" is
a guttural sound (like Arabic q as in Quran)
- The Kurdish letter "X" is
pronounced at the back of the throat (like Scottish ch as
in loch). In English, this sound is often
written as "Kh".
The following letters are derived from the Arabic
language and are used in some Kurdish words:
Notes:
- The letters written
above in latin are
not official in the Kurmancî-Latînî Script.
However, some Kurdish linguists often
place an apostraphe
after the letter, such as E', to ensure
that the letter is pronounced correctly when read.
- Some linguists argue that the letters are
not derived from the Arabic language and are part of the
Kurdish language through it's very early stages of development.
The following shows
each letter and provides example Kurdish words containing
that letter:
| Letter: |
Example
Word:
|
Meaning:
|
| E'
e' |
E'mir
|
Order
|
| H'
h' |
H'eyran
|
Admirer
|
| X'
x' |
Ax'a
|
Tribal Chief
|
Notes:
- The letter X' is
often written as Gh in English.
Here are some more example Kurdish words using
each Kurdish letter:
| A
a |
Agir,
Dar |
Fire, Tree
|
N
n |
Ne, Nerm |
No, Soft |
| B
b |
Ba , Bizin |
Good, Goat
|
O
o |
Giftugo,
Roj |
Conversation, Day |
| C
c |
Car, Cahêl |
Time, Young
|
P
p |
Pîroz, Payîz |
Blessed, Autumn |
| Ç ç |
Çar, Çira |
Four, Light
|
Q
q |
Qutabî, Qer |
Student, Debt |
| D
d |
Dil, Derd |
Heart, Pain
|
R
r |
Ker,
Pir |
Donkey, Bridge |
| E
e |
Erê, Ez |
Yes, I
|
R rr |
Ker',
Pir' |
Deaf, Very |
| Ê ê |
Kwêr,
Jêr |
Blind, Under
|
S
s |
Saz, Serd |
Instrument, Cold |
| F
f |
Firawan, Firî te |
Broad, Thought
|
 |
ar, ew |
City, Night |
| G
g |
Gor', Gundî |
Grave, Villager
|
T
t |
Tu, Taybetî |
You, Particular |
| H
h |
Hêlîn, Hatin |
Nest, to Come
|
U
u |
Kur',
Gul |
Boy, Flower |
| I
i |
Jin,
Giran |
Woman, Heavy
|
Û û |
Sinûr,
Pirtûk |
Border, Book |
| Î î |
Îstkan,
Sîr |
Tea Cup, Garlic
|
V
v |
Va,
Heval |
Here, Friend |
| J
j |
Jîr, Jîn |
Diligent, to Live
|
W
w |
Wek, Wu e |
As/Like, Word |
| K
k |
Kurd, Kar |
Kurd, Work
|
X
x |
Xebat, Xizim |
Labor, Relative |
| L
l |
Lerz,
Cil |
Tremble, Clothes
|
Y
y |
Yar, Yek |
Beloved, One |
| Ll
ll |
Xwell |
Soil
|
Z
z |
Zor, Zindan |
Very, Prison |
| M
m |
Mast, Me |
Yogurt, We/Us
|
|
Sources:
(1) Rizgar, Baran. Learn Kurdish: Dersên Kurdî. 1996
(2) Chyet, Michael L. Kurdish-English Dictionary: Ferhenga Kurmancî-Inglîzî.
2003 |