The Kurdish Alphabet - Elfabey Kurdî

Kurdish American Youth - by Goran Sadjadi


There are two primary Kurdish scripts used today. The original Soranî-Badînî Script is derived from the standards of the Arabic Script and contains extensions for all the sounds in the Kurdish language. The Kurmancî-Latînî Script follows the standards set by Celadet Elî Bedîrxanî, who first introduced the script.

The present-day Kurdish scripts...
The Kurmancî-Latînî Script and the Soranî-Badînî Script.

Notes:

  1. The letter "i" in the Kurmancî-Latînî Script does not exist in the Soranî-Badînî Script. This letter is omitted when spelling words using the Soranî-Badînî Script.
  2. The heavy L, written above as Ll is not official in the Kurmancî-Latînî Script. The importance of distinguising between "L" and "Ll" varies amongst dialects and the use of a separate letter was omitted in the Kurmancî-Latînî Script. For purposes of comparing the two scripts, we will use Ll.
  3. The rolled R, written above as R' or r' is not official in the Kurmancî-Latînî Script. The writing of the rolled R may vary by the sources used. However, some Kurdish linguists often underline, R, or place an apostraphe after the letter, R', to indicate that the R must be rolled. [This is important for distinguising between words such as Ker (Donkey) and Ker' (Deaf)].

 

The following shows each letter and provides example Kurdish words containing that letter with their English translations. The correct pronunciation is provided to the right of the letters:

A a Azad - Free
a as in tall
N n Nav - Name n as in new
B b Baran - Rain
b as in base
O o Omîd - Hope o as in chore
C c Ceger - Liver
j as in job
P p Pez - Sheep p as in pen
Ç ç Çaw - Eye
ch as in chalk
Q q Qaz - Goose (no English sound)
D d Dar - Tree
d as in duck
R r Rêkûpêk - Organized r (Spanish r as in para)
E e Evîn - Love
a as in act
R' r' R'ast - Right rolled r
Ê ê Êvar - Evening
e as in best
S s Sêv - Apple s as in sit
F f Ferheng - Culture
f as in fact
êr - Lion sh as in shoe
G g Genim - Wheat
g as in goal
T t Taze - New t as in tall
H h Hîvî - Hope
h as in home
U u Gund - Village u as in turn
I i Rind - Beautiful
i as in bird
Û û Dûr - Far/Distant oo as in boot
Î î Îro - Today
ee as in green
V v Vejîn - Revived v as in very
J j Jîyan - Life
si as in vision
W w Welat - Country w as in war
K k Keç - Girl
k as in kart
X x Xuda - God kh (no English sound)
L l Leker - Army
l (Spanish l as in La)
Y y Yarmetî - Help y as in young
Ll ll Çetall - Fork
ll as in fall
Z z Ziman - Language z as in zebra
M m Mam - Uncle
m as in map
  

    Notes:

    1. The Kurdish letter "J" is pronounced like the French j as in jeune. In English, this sound is often written as "Zh".
    2. The Kurdish letter "Q" is a guttural sound (like Arabic q as in Quran)
    3. The Kurdish letter "X" is pronounced at the back of the throat (like Scottish ch as in loch). In English, this sound is often written as "Kh".

     

The following letters are derived from the Arabic language and are used in some Kurdish words:

Notes:

  1. The letters written above in latin are not official in the Kurmancî-Latînî Script. However, some Kurdish linguists often place an apostraphe after the letter, such as E', to ensure that the letter is pronounced correctly when read.
  2. Some linguists argue that the letters are not derived from the Arabic language and are part of the Kurdish language through it's very early stages of development.

 

The following shows each letter and provides example Kurdish words containing that letter:

Letter:
Example Word:
Meaning:
E' e'
E'mir
Order
H' h'
H'eyran
Admirer
X' x'
Ax'a
Tribal Chief

Notes:

  1. The letter X' is often written as Gh in English.

 

Here are some more example Kurdish words using each Kurdish letter:

A a Agir, Dar
Fire, Tree
N n Ne, Nerm No, Soft
B b Ba, Bizin
Good, Goat
O o Giftugo, Roj Conversation, Day
C c Car, Cahêl
Time, Young
P p Pîroz, Payîz Blessed, Autumn
Ç ç Çar, Çira
Four, Light
Q q Qutabî, Qer Student, Debt
D d Dil, Derd
Heart, Pain
R r Ker, Pir Donkey, Bridge
E e Erê, Ez
Yes, I
R rr Ker', Pir' Deaf, Very
Ê ê Kwêr, Jêr
Blind, Under
S s Saz, Serd Instrument, Cold
F f Firawan, Firîte
Broad, Thought
ar, ew City, Night
G g Gor', Gundî
Grave, Villager
T t Tu, Taybetî You, Particular
H h Hêlîn, Hatin
Nest, to Come
U u Kur', Gul Boy, Flower
I i Jin, Giran
Woman, Heavy
Û û Sinûr, Pirtûk Border, Book
Î î Îstkan, Sîr
Tea Cup, Garlic
V v Va, Heval Here, Friend
J j Jîr, Jîn
Diligent, to Live
W w Wek, Wue As/Like, Word
K k Kurd, Kar
Kurd, Work
X x Xebat, Xizim Labor, Relative
L l Lerz, Cil
Tremble, Clothes
Y y Yar, Yek Beloved, One
Ll ll Xwell
Soil
Z z Zor, Zindan Very, Prison
M m Mast, Me
Yogurt, We/Us
  

 

Sources:
(1) Rizgar, Baran. Learn Kurdish: Dersên Kurdî. 1996
(2) Chyet, Michael L. Kurdish-English Dictionary: Ferhenga Kurmancî-Inglîzî. 2003

 
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